July/Aug 2010: Freedom of movement

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Illustration by Nick Craine

People move across borders from necessity or desperation, providing the citizens of the territory they enter with an unfree workforce that is often used to undermine the rights of more established workers. More than race, more than class, more than gender – but interacting powerfully with all three – the colour of one’s passport, or the misfortune of having been displaced from one’s country of origin, can do more to limit a person’s opportunities than almost any other single factor. Declaring war on walls of all kinds, Briarpatch explores the politics of migration in our “freedom of movement” issue.

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photo by Sandra Cuffe

photo by Sandra Cuffe


The line that runs through Akwesasne territory
divides the United States from Canada,  and cuts the Mohawk nation in half.

By Henry Martin
Briarpatch Magazine
July/August 2010

At midnight on May 31, 2009, the guards who manned the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) station on the Mohawk (Kahnienkehaka) reserve of Akwesasne, near Cornwall, Ontario, abandoned the Canadian side of the U.S.-Canada border and went home. The guards were to be issued 9-mm Beretta pistols on the following day as part of Canada’s border security policy, but had been warned by Akwesasne community groups that armed agents of the Canadian government would not be tolerated on their land. Despite appeals from the CBSA, Cornwall mayor Bob Kilger and the Mohawk Council of Akwesasne for third party intervention, the federal government ignored the issue and pressed ahead with the policy. The Border Service agents, not wishing to be put in the middle of a major crisis, chose to walk off the job.

A year later, the border station, for all intents and purposes, remains abandoned.

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photo by Saeed Parsa

photo by Saeed Parsa

By Marc Colbourne
Briarpatch Magazine
July/August 2010

“As the train crossed the border into Turkey, I looked out the window at the Iranian flag illuminated by the border lights. More than ever I felt a connection to the waving cloth. Despite all I had endured it was still my country – my home – that I was leaving behind. I leaned back in my seat, grateful for its coolness, closed my eyes and waited for the sense of relief I longed for.
Leaving, finally, I had expected to feel light, comfortable, safe. Instead my stomach tightened with sadness and anger. Why was I forced to flee? To leave behind my family, friends and home just because of who I love? As the flag disappeared in the darkness I vowed I would continue my work. I would work on behalf of the gay men and women left behind, living in fear of torture and execution.
I promised myself that one day I would return to my country free to be who I am. Until that day I would live in exile.”

- Arsham Parsi

Arsham Parsi is a tireless organizer for queer rights, both internationally and in his native Iran. He is proud to call Canada home, but in the wake of proposed changes to Canada’s refugee status determination system and the elimination of any reference to gay rights in the new version of Canada’s citizenship guide, some wonder whether Parsi would be admitted to this country if he claimed asylum here today. Read the rest of this entry »

Members of the Villanueva support committee demonstrate outside of Dany Villanueva’s Immigration and Refugee Board hearing in Montreal on April 21, 2010

An ad hoc Montreal-based support group for Honuran-born Quebecer Dany Villanueva, whose permanent residency is under threat of revocation for a crime he committed and served time for four years ago, demonstrate outside of his Immigration and Refugee Board hearing.

By Angela Day
Briarpatch Magazine
July/August 2010

Imagine  you were born in Honduras and spent your childhood days on the dusty streets of Tegucigalpa. When you’re 12, you and your parents emigrate to Canada. You’re granted permanent residency and the stability it offers. By the time you’re 20, Canada is home and Honduras a distant memory.

But permanent residency in Canada is not necessarily permanent. According to the current Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, which came into effect in 2002, if permanent residents are implicated in “serious criminality” or sentenced to six months or more in prison, they may be deported to their country of origin, regardless of the length of time they’ve lived in Canada.

Jaggi Singh, a Montreal-based migrant rights organizer, says that this measure amounts to “double punishment,” since a permanent resident convicted of a crime is penalized once through the justice system and then again through the immigration system, with immigration officials weighing in on issues of criminality that have already been addressed within the judicial system. But whereas the courts dictate that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime – a legal concept known as double jeopardy – no such principle protects immigrants from similar double punishment.

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The Mixed Media gallery

The Mixed Media gallery

Words and photos by Sarah Mann
Briarpatch Magazine
July/August 2010

Two downtown neighbourhoods in Hamilton, Ontario – James St. North and Landsdale – have recently been the site of several skirmishes in a gentrification war waged in the media, art galleries and on the streets themselves.

James St. North is the vibrant hub of a burgeoning arts community. Busy cafés and bars owned by Portuguese and Italian immigrants who have called the neighbourhood home for decades sit next to swanky new art galleries showcasing the work of local artists. Just east lies the Landsdale neighbourhood, home to some of Hamilton’s poorest residents, including sex workers and other people living or working on the streets. These two neighbourhoods have become focal points of a fiery debate on surveillance, gentrification and the division of public space within Hamilton’s downtown core.

James Street North

James Street North

Exemplified by two art exhibits and the media coverage that surrounds them, the debate over the right to space in Hamilton reflects similar gentrification struggles being waged in cities across the country in pursuit of sanitized downtown cores pandering to a “creative class” of young urban professionals (for more info on the “creative class, click here).

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By Emily Eaton

The “creative class” is a concept developed by Richard Florida that proposes a new way of understanding the engines driving wealth creation. Florida charts a shift in North America away from manufacturing economies focused on mass production to “post-industrial” economies where the new drivers of economic development are creative professionals, specifically a “super-creative core” (including artists and designers) and “creative professionals” (including managers and lawyers).

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By Robyn Maynard
Briarpatch Magazine
July/August 2010


Nandita Sharma is an activist, scholar, and the author of Home Economics: Nationalism and the Making of ‘Migrant Workers’ in Canada (University of Toronto Press, 2006), and “Anti-Trafficking Rhetoric and the Making of a Global Apartheid” (NWSA #17, 2005). In this interview, she addresses the effects of anti-trafficking on migrant women doing sex work. She critiques the notion of “trafficking” in the context of the increasing necessity of global migration and the tightening of borders in the global North. According to Sharma, border restrictions, rather than “trafficking,” are the biggest impediment to the self-determination of (im)migrant women in Canada.

Jessica Yee is the director of the Native Youth Sexual Health Network. In this interview, she describes the conditions of ongoing and under-reported exploitation of Indigenous women in Canada, critiques the conflation of “trafficking” and sex work, and explains the oppressive effects of the anti-trafficking movement on Indigenous women’s self-determination.

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arbi, ”you guys brought the fences”, 2007.

arbi, "you guys brought the fences", 2007.

By arbi
Briarpatch Magazine
July/August 2010

Aeolian: borne or produced by the wind. (Canadian Oxford Dictionary)

“At first glance, the landscape appeared so beautiful and pristine. With time, thin dark strings of colour began to appear. And with that came the memory of the warrior’s words – “you guys brought the fences.” Indeed, the dark lines were everywhere so that, in time, it became impossible to see anything else.”

- arbi environmental intervention documentation, you guys brought the fences, Stone House Artists’ Retreat, Lundbreck, Alberta, summer 2007.

Barbed wire fences are ubiquitous on the prairie landscape. They symbolize domination of the land, ownership, entitlement and control. Wire fences are a western settlement paradigm that was brought to North America by settlers and land surveyors who sought to tame the limitless territory with mathematical delineations of latitude and longitude and monetary measures of land value. Barriers were needed to keep in livestock and to keep out trespassers.

And so it is that the prairie horizon was reduced to lines of barbed wire and wooden posts fading into infinity.The Aeolian Recreational Boundary Institute (arbi), an artist collective headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, emerged in early 2009 to facilitate ongoing study into borders, boundaries and all forms of barriers that act as disruptive forces in the natural world. The institute works with organizations involved in the remediation of the negative impact that some forms of human intervention have had on existing ecosystems. As a neutral, non-aligned and apolitical entity, arbi has the freedom to collaborate with a wide variety of groups, often with competing interests, providing them with volunteer labour. Direct participation in the activities of these groups allows arbi’s members to gain an intimate, front-line perspective and serves to further their understanding of the effects that man-made barriers have on nature.

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Over 2,000 participants protested at last year's annual No One Is Illegal! May Day march in Toronto, including these woman who work as live-in caregivers and organize with MIgrante Ontario.

Over 2,000 participants protested at last year's annual No One Is Illegal! May Day march in Toronto, including these woman who work as live-in caregivers and organize with Migrante Ontario.

By MaryCarl Guiao
Briarpatch Magazine
July/August 2010

Jocelyn Dulnuan, 27 years old, was murdered on October 1, 2007, at the mansion in Mississauga, Ontario where she worked as a live-in caregiver. Dulnuan’s petite and slender body was found with a thin braided copper wire looped tightly twice around her neck and fastened at her throat, her feet bound with the knotted arms of a sweater, the victim of a botched robbery. She had been punched in the face, her denture plate knocked from her mouth.

Dulnuan had lived in Canada for just under a year, working at the $15 million, 30,000-square-foot mansion for two months to serve the needs of her employer Dr. Jaya Chanchlani, her husband, Vasu, and their three children. Before that, she had worked several caregiver jobs in Greater Toronto, and as a domestic worker in Hong Kong for a year.

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By Annette Przygoda
Briarpatch Magazine
July/August 2010

On March 29, 2010, the Conservative government introduced new legislation designed to reform Canada’s asylum system, which governs the protection of refugees and their settlement in Canada. A key element of the proposed reform is the ability to deport individuals more quickly when their claims for asylum are denied. Citizenship and Immigration Canada’s news release and the subsequent news coverage of the issue openly played into public anxieties about immigrants taking advantage of the refugee protection system and costing Canadian taxpayers thousands of dollars in social service and health care costs.

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