APPENDIX 1. Full dataset for the equid remains from Emine-Bair-Khosar, recovered during field seasons 1999-2009 (available as Excel spreadsheet).
APPENDIX 2. Measurements on the EBK cranial specimens and mean values for comparative material; Equus hemionus and Equus przewalskii: Eisenmann, 1980; Equus ferus gallicus: Cardoso and Eisenmann, 1989; Equus ferus latipes: Kuzmina, 1997; Equus hydruntinus: Burke et al., 2003.
|
Specimen / Species |
nmax |
V16 |
V23 |
V3 |
V4 |
V2-5 |
V5 |
|
EBK Bc M1 (141) |
- |
54.4 |
- |
97.3 |
103.4 |
- |
- |
|
EBK Ba2 C1(B) 384 |
- |
52.9 |
320.0 |
101.5 |
106.8 |
119.3 |
88.0 |
|
EBK Bm001 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
126.2 |
118.6 |
|
Equus hemionus |
45 |
56.4 |
341.0 |
111.3 |
106.0 |
109.4 |
105.2 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Kabazi II) |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
1 |
- |
- |
85.5 |
- |
99.0 |
87.0 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
20 |
65.3 |
373.6 |
101.5 |
118.4 |
131.6 |
127.8 |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
4 |
64.0 |
384.5 |
100.0 |
- |
140.3 |
122.0 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
-- |
|
Specimen / Species |
nmax |
V17 |
V17b |
V13 |
V25 |
V28 |
V20 |
|
EBK Bc M1 (141) |
- |
- |
- |
189.0 |
97.8 |
93.0 |
- |
|
EBK Ba2 C1(B) 384 |
- |
57.4 |
40.3 |
184.0 |
88.8 |
90.0 |
- |
|
EBK Bm001 |
- |
67.5 |
48.2 |
175.5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hemionus |
45 |
54.5 |
39.8 |
195.5 |
98.2 |
87.1 |
14.1 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Kabazi II) |
2 |
59.8 |
39.6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
1 |
- |
36.5 |
- |
- |
84.0 |
- |
|
Equus przewalskii |
20 |
63.4 |
42.3 |
210.4 |
100.8 |
97.7 |
12.9 |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
4 |
74.0 |
48.5 |
208.0 |
108.0 |
97.3 |
13.7 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
6 |
- |
- |
220.6 |
- |
113.5 |
- |
APPENDIX 3. Mean, minimum, and maximum values for the upper dental elements of the EBK equid specimens and comparative material; L=length, W=width, Lprot=length of the protocone; Equus hemionus: Eisenmann, 1980; Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel): Bonifay, 1991; Equus hydruntinus (Crimea), Equus przewalskii, Equus ferus latipes: Kuzmina, 1997; Equus ferus gallicus: Eisenmann, online data.
|
P2 |
nmax |
Lmean |
min |
max |
Wmean |
min |
max |
|
|
|
|
EBK small |
8 |
32.5 |
31.8 |
33.7 |
21.8 |
20.1 |
24.5 |
|
|
|
|
EBK large |
3 |
37.6 |
35.4 |
41.0 |
24.0 |
22.9 |
24.9 |
|
|
|
|
Equus hemionus |
23 |
34.3 |
28.5 |
39.0 |
24.2 |
22.3 |
26.0 |
|
|
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
4 |
31.5 |
31.0 |
31.8 |
22.3 |
21.0 |
23.5 |
|
|
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
11 |
31.4 |
29.3 |
32.5 |
21.3 |
19.8 |
22.5 |
|
|
|
|
Equus przewalskii |
21 |
40.0 |
36.2 |
46.5 |
26.7 |
24.0 |
31.1 |
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
10 |
37.4 |
36.0 |
39.0 |
25.0 |
24.0 |
26.0 |
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus latipes |
16 |
38.8 |
35.2 |
41.5 |
26.1 |
22.3 |
28.6 |
|
|
|
|
P3/4 |
nmax |
Lmean |
min |
max |
Wmean |
min |
max |
Lprot |
min |
max |
|
EBK small |
17 |
25.2 |
23.5 |
27.4 |
24.2 |
21.9 |
25.6 |
8.4 |
7.0 |
10.2 |
|
EBK large |
7 |
29.2 |
28.2 |
33.1 |
25.0 |
23.7 |
28.8 |
12.6 |
9.5 |
15.0 |
|
Equus hemionus |
47 |
25.2 |
22.5 |
28.5 |
25.9 |
24.0 |
28.5 |
11.4 |
8.0 |
16.0 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
21 |
23.9 |
20.7 |
27.0 |
23.6 |
21.8 |
24.9 |
8.0 |
6.2 |
9.4 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
38 |
25.0 |
21.6 |
27.3 |
23.1 |
21.2 |
25.0 |
9.2 |
7.5 |
11.2 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
44 |
29.0 |
21.2 |
34.2 |
28.8 |
23.0 |
32.5 |
13.8 |
11.0 |
16.3 |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
26 |
28.3 |
26.0 |
30.0 |
28.0 |
26.0 |
30.0 |
12.8 |
10.0 |
15.0 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
22 |
30.8 |
28.0 |
34.0 |
30.0 |
27.7 |
31.0 |
13.8 |
10.6 |
16.6 |
|
M1/2 |
nmax |
Lmean |
min |
max |
Wmean |
min |
max |
Lprot |
min |
max |
|
EBK small |
17 |
22.3 |
20.9 |
24.0 |
23.3 |
21.7 |
24.9 |
8.6 |
7.4 |
9.9 |
|
EBK large |
4 |
26.0 |
24.4 |
30.3 |
23.4 |
22.5 |
24.2 |
12.7 |
11.5 |
15.4 |
|
Equus hemionus |
48 |
22.4 |
19.0 |
26.0 |
23.6 |
20.3 |
26.0 |
11.0 |
8.5 |
15.5 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
24 |
23.0 |
19.8 |
27.6 |
22.7 |
19.8 |
24.9 |
8.7 |
7.1 |
10.5 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
55 |
22.0 |
19.5 |
27.5 |
22.0 |
20.0 |
25.0 |
8.6 |
6.0 |
11.5 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
44 |
25.9 |
20.4 |
31.0 |
27.4 |
23.0 |
31.0 |
13.9 |
11.8 |
16.9 |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
26 |
25.1 |
23.0 |
26.0 |
26.3 |
24.5 |
28.5 |
13.8 |
11.0 |
16.0 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
28 |
27.7 |
25.1 |
34.5 |
28.7 |
25.2 |
33.5 |
14.9 |
13.2 |
17.0 |
|
M3 |
nmax |
Lmean |
min |
max |
Wmean |
min |
max |
|
|
|
|
EBK small |
10 |
24.3 |
20.1 |
27.3 |
20.9 |
19.6 |
23.1 |
|
|
|
|
EBK large |
2 |
25.8 |
22.0 |
29.5 |
21.6 |
18.8 |
24.3 |
|
|
|
|
Equus hemionus |
22 |
24.4 |
22.0 |
27.0 |
19.8 |
17.0 |
22.5 |
|
|
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
10 |
21.7 |
19.2 |
24.3 |
19.2 |
16.7 |
20.6 |
|
|
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
30 |
22.6 |
19.5 |
25.5 |
19.2 |
16.0 |
21.2 |
|
|
|
|
Equus przewalskii |
22 |
28.5 |
24.0 |
32.8 |
24.2 |
20.0 |
27.0 |
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
11 |
26.8 |
25.0 |
29.0 |
22.8 |
22.0 |
24.0 |
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus latipes |
11 |
29.1 |
25.9 |
31.2 |
25.6 |
22.8 |
27.7 |
|
|
|
APPENDIX 4. Mean, minimum, and maximum values for the lower dental elements of the EBK equid specimens and comparative material; L=length, W=width; Equus hemionus: Eisenmann, 1981; Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel): Bonifay, 1991; Equus hydruntinus (Crimea), Equus przewalskii, Equus ferus latipes: Kuzmina, 1997; Equus ferus gallicus: Eisenmann, online data
|
p2 |
nmax |
Lmean |
min |
max |
Wmean |
min |
max |
LFmean |
min |
max |
|
EBK small |
5 |
27.4 |
24.5 |
28.7 |
14.2 |
13.2 |
15.6 |
12.4 |
11.6 |
13.7 |
|
EBK large |
2 |
40.0 |
- |
- |
16.7 |
16.3 |
17.0 |
17.7 |
15.7 |
19.6 |
|
Equus hemionus |
24 |
29.1 |
26.0 |
33.5 |
14.1 |
12.0 |
17.0 |
13.9 |
10.0 |
17.0 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
8 |
26.9 |
25.5 |
28.4 |
14.4 |
13.2 |
15.2 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
25 |
27.2 |
25.0 |
30.0 |
15.3 |
13.5 |
18.0 |
12.8 |
10.5 |
15.5 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
19 |
33.3 |
29.3 |
38.0 |
18.1 |
15.0 |
19.3 |
16.8 |
15.5 |
18.5 |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
11 |
31.4 |
29.0 |
36.0 |
15.3 |
14.0 |
17.0 |
16.0 |
13.0 |
17.0 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
28 |
34.5 |
32.0 |
40.0 |
17.2 |
15.0 |
21.0 |
17.5 |
16.0 |
20.0 |
|
p3/4 |
nmax |
Lmean |
min |
max |
Wmean |
min |
max |
LFmean |
min |
max |
|
EBK small |
12 |
24.5 |
21.1 |
26.1 |
14.9 |
13.2 |
17.2 |
12.4 |
10.7 |
15.5 |
|
EBK large |
4 |
33.1 |
32.5 |
33.8 |
17.4 |
16.8 |
17.6 |
17.1 |
16.0 |
18.3 |
|
Equus hemionus |
47 |
25.5 |
22.0 |
31.0 |
15.7 |
13.5 |
19.0 |
12.2 |
9.0 |
15.5 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
19 |
24.9 |
23.3 |
26.0 |
16.3 |
13.0 |
18.3 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
55 |
23.7 |
21.6 |
25.6 |
16.5 |
14.2 |
18.2 |
11.6 |
8.2 |
14.0 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
38 |
28.4 |
24.1 |
31.6 |
20.3 |
17.6 |
22.8 |
14.8 |
12.5 |
18.2 |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
26 |
28.9 |
26.5 |
34.0 |
17.1 |
15.0 |
19.0 |
13.3 |
10.0 |
16.0 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
64 |
29.3 |
26.2 |
33.3 |
19.4 |
16.6 |
22.0 |
14.3 |
10.4 |
17.4 |
|
m1/2 |
nmax |
Lmean |
min |
max |
Wmean |
min |
max |
LFmean |
min |
max |
|
EBK small |
11 |
22.6 |
20.9 |
24.0 |
13.6 |
12.2 |
16.0 |
9.4 |
6.4 |
12.1 |
|
EBK large |
4 |
30.7 |
29.9 |
31.8 |
15.3 |
14.8 |
15.6 |
13.2 |
11.4 |
14.6 |
|
Equus hemionus |
48 |
23.1 |
19.5 |
30.0 |
14.2 |
11.5 |
17.0 |
9.3 |
6.0 |
12.0 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
21 |
22.3 |
20.5 |
25.8 |
14.5 |
11.0 |
18.2 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
64 |
22.2 |
18.6 |
29.5 |
14.7 |
12.5 |
16.8 |
7.5 |
5.0 |
11.0 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
34 |
26.8 |
22.0 |
30.9 |
18.4 |
15.6 |
21.0 |
10.5 |
7.4 |
13.6 |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
26 |
26.6 |
23.5 |
29.0 |
15.7 |
14.0 |
17.3 |
10.4 |
8.0 |
15.0 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
79 |
27.2 |
23.5 |
33.2 |
18.0 |
15.2 |
20.6 |
11.0 |
7.2 |
14.5 |
|
m3 |
nmax |
Lmean |
min |
max |
Wmean |
min |
max |
LFmean |
min |
max |
|
EBK small |
9 |
25.9 |
20.9 |
28.6 |
12.5 |
10.8 |
13.5 |
10.6 |
8.3 |
11.7 |
|
EBK large |
2 |
30.3 |
30.2 |
30.3 |
13.4 |
13.1 |
13.6 |
12.0 |
- |
- |
|
Equus hemionus |
22 |
28.7 |
25.0 |
35.0 |
12.7 |
11.0 |
15.5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
9 |
26.4 |
24.3 |
27.5 |
12.2 |
10.2 |
13.6 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
20 |
25.4 |
22.0 |
27.5 |
11.6 |
12.0 |
14.0 |
6.8 |
5.3 |
8.0 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
18 |
33.6 |
30.0 |
37.5 |
15.7 |
13.8 |
17.8 |
11.5 |
8.5 |
13.6 |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
13 |
32.0 |
29.0 |
34.5 |
13.9 |
12.0 |
15.0 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
35 |
34.0 |
30.0 |
39.6 |
15.6 |
13.0 |
17.5 |
11.4 |
7.3 |
14.1 |
APPENDIX 5. Longbone mean, minimum, and maximum values for the EBK specimens and comparative material; Equus hemionus, Equus ferus gallicus and Equus przewalskii: Eisenmann, online data; Equus hydruntinus: Kuzmina, 1997; Equus ferus latipes: Kuzmina, 1997, Eisenmann, 1991.
|
|
|
GL |
Bp |
|
||||||
|
Humerus |
nmax |
mean |
min |
max |
mean |
min |
max |
|
|
|
|
EBK small Ba/Bc |
4 |
248.8 |
246.2 |
251.7 |
79.9 |
75.8 |
84.0 |
|
|
|
|
EBK large Ba/Bc |
2 |
322.7 |
317.8 |
327.5 |
95.6 |
94.3 |
96.9 |
|
|
|
|
Equus hemionus |
10 |
252.2 |
235.0 |
259.0 |
81.1 |
75.0 |
88.0 |
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
17 |
278.3 |
267.5 |
295.0 |
94.5 |
90.0 |
105.0 |
|
|
|
|
Equus przewalskii |
42 |
263.4 |
247.0 |
287.0 |
85.7 |
70.0 |
92.0 |
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus latipes |
9 |
285.3 |
273.0 |
300.0 |
97.6 |
95.7 |
102.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GL |
Bp |
SD |
||||||
|
Radius |
nmax |
mean |
min |
max |
mean |
min |
max |
mean |
min |
max |
|
EBK small Ba/Bc |
10 |
301.2 |
284.0 |
322.0 |
71.0 |
65.0 |
82.7 |
35.8 |
33.9 |
41.1 |
|
EBK large Bb |
1 |
369.0 |
- |
- |
92.0 |
- |
- |
45.2 |
- |
- |
|
Equus hemionus |
10 |
303.4 |
289.0 |
316.0 |
71.6 |
67.0 |
76.0 |
33.5 |
32.0 |
35.3 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
39 |
291.3 |
289.0 |
293.0 |
66.9 |
60.5 |
70.0 |
33.6 |
30.3 |
36.0 |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
23 |
326.8 |
312.0 |
354.0 |
87.1 |
84.0 |
94.0 |
41.7 |
37.5 |
48.0 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
42 |
312.1 |
296.0 |
330.0 |
76.7 |
72.0 |
83.0 |
36.0 |
31.5 |
40.0 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
107 |
352.6 |
327.0 |
367.0 |
91.6 |
80.0 |
99.0 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
GL |
SD |
|
|
|
||||
|
Femur |
nmax |
mean |
min |
max |
mean |
min |
max |
|
|
|
|
EBK small Ba/Bc |
4 |
333.3 |
322.3 |
342.2 |
33.0 |
31.1 |
34.8 |
|
|
|
|
EBK large |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
Equus hemionus |
10 |
337.3 |
319.0 |
356.0 |
32.2 |
29.0 |
34.0 |
|
|
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
3 |
382.7 |
375.0 |
394.0 |
41.0 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
Equus przewalskii |
43 |
357.6 |
333.0 |
392.0 |
37.4 |
33.0 |
44.0 |
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus latipes |
8 |
378.6 |
366.0 |
395.5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GL |
Bp |
SD |
||||||
|
Tibia |
nmax |
mean |
min |
max |
mean |
min |
max |
mean |
min |
max |
|
EBK small (all) |
12 |
324.5 |
310.5 |
342.5 |
79.9 |
74.7 |
92.5 |
37.1 |
35.0 |
40.4 |
|
EBK small Ba/Bc |
11 |
324.9 |
310.5 |
342.5 |
80.6 |
75.4 |
92.5 |
37.1 |
35.0 |
40.4 |
|
EBK small Bb |
1 |
320.0 |
- |
- |
74.7 |
- |
- |
36.5 |
- |
- |
|
EBK large Bb |
1 |
367.7 |
- |
- |
120.5 |
- |
- |
50.4 |
- |
- |
|
Equus hemionus |
10 |
324.8 |
310.0 |
335.0 |
83.6 |
78.1 |
87.0 |
35.9 |
31.0 |
38.5 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
62 |
- |
- |
- |
77.2 |
74.6 |
79.0 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
22 |
343.6 |
327.0 |
363.5 |
102.8 |
100.0 |
106.0 |
45.5 |
42.0 |
49.0 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
44 |
326.1 |
309.0 |
350.0 |
89.9 |
82.0 |
99.0 |
40.2 |
33.0 |
46.0 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
34 |
368.2 |
352.7 |
381.0 |
104.6 |
98.0 |
114.0 |
- |
- |
- |
APPENDIX 6. Mean values for metacarpal measurements of the EBK specimens and comparative material; Equus hemionus, Equus africanus and Equus przewalskii: Eisenmann, 1979; Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) and Equus ferus latipes: Kuzmina, 1997; Equus hydruntinus (Italy): Eisenmann & Bekouche, 1986; Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel): Bonifay, 1991; Equus ferus gallicus: Eisenmann, online data.
|
Specimen / Species |
nmax |
V1 |
V3 |
V4 |
V5 |
V6 |
V10 |
|
EBK small (all) |
5 |
221.9 |
28.8 |
23.5 |
43.2 |
29.4 |
40.1 |
|
EBK small Ba/Bc |
4 |
220.4 |
28.8 |
23.5 |
43.2 |
29.5 |
- |
|
EBK small Bb |
1 |
228.0 |
28.9 |
23.7 |
43.4 |
29.3 |
40.1 |
|
EBK large (all) |
5 |
243.0 |
36.5 |
27.1 |
54.9 |
35.9 |
54.9 |
|
EBK large Ba/Bc |
4 |
243.0 |
36.5 |
27.1 |
54.9 |
35.9 |
- |
|
EBK large Bb |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
54.9 |
|
Equus hemionus |
22 |
214.1 |
25.7 |
21.1 |
43.2 |
27.0 |
38.9 |
|
Equus africanus |
8 |
206.6 |
27.8 |
22.9 |
46.6 |
28.6 |
40.9 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
50 |
211.8 |
26.1 |
21.7 |
41.0 |
29.3 |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Italy) |
30 |
212.8 |
28.0 |
23.2 |
42.0 |
28.2 |
38.9 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
12 |
190.2 |
24.6 |
21.0 |
36.2 |
25.1 |
32.4 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
17 |
214.7 |
31.5 |
23.9 |
48.5 |
29.9 |
44.7 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
79 |
235.2 |
39.1 |
- |
56.4 |
- |
- |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
25 |
222.5 |
36.9 |
27.4 |
52.3 |
33.1 |
50.3 |
|
Specimen / Species |
nmax |
V11 |
V12 |
V13 |
V14 |
V7 |
V8 |
|
EBK small (all) |
5 |
40.0 |
29.2 |
24.2 |
26.9 |
36.7 |
12.0 |
|
EBK small Ba/Bc |
4 |
39.8 |
29.1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
EBK small Bb |
1 |
40.7 |
29.7 |
24.2 |
26.9 |
36.7 |
12.0 |
|
EBK large |
5 |
54.5 |
40.2 |
33.8 |
36.0 |
- |
- |
|
EBK large Ba/Bc |
4 |
53.3 |
39.4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
EBK large Bb |
1 |
59.2 |
43.4 |
33.8 |
36.0 |
- |
- |
|
Equus hemionus |
22 |
38.7 |
29.3 |
24.3 |
26.1 |
34.0 |
12.8 |
|
Equus africanus |
8 |
40.6 |
30.1 |
24.8 |
27.0 |
38.2 |
13.0 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
50 |
36.9 |
28.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Italy) |
30 |
37.9 |
29.1 |
24.0 |
26.4 |
33.4 |
12.7 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
12 |
33.1 |
25.4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus przewalskii |
17 |
45.7 |
34.4 |
27.1 |
28.7 |
39.0 |
14.2 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
79 |
55.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
25 |
51.7 |
37.9 |
29.3 |
31.1 |
41.5 |
16.9 |
APPENDIX 7. Mean values for metatarsal measurements of the EBK specimens and comparative material; measurements according to Eisenmann, 1979; Equus hemionus, Equus africanus and Equus przewalskii: Eisenmann, 1979; Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) and Equus ferus latipes: Kuzmina, 1997; Equus hydruntinus (Italy): Eisenmann & Bekouche, 1986; Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel): Bonifay, 1991; Equus ferus gallicus: Eisenmann, online data.
|
Specimen / Species |
nmax |
V1 |
V3 |
V4 |
V5 |
V6 |
V10 |
|
EBK small (all) |
8 |
253.5 |
27.1 |
27.2 |
41.9 |
37.1 |
39.2 |
|
EBK small Ba/Bc |
7 |
253.0 |
26.8 |
27.2 |
41.9 |
37.1 |
39.7 |
|
EBK small Bb |
1 |
256.2 |
28.8 |
27.0 |
42.5 |
37.0 |
38.2 |
|
EBK large Ba/Bc |
2 |
284.3 |
37.5 |
34.6 |
57.9 |
51.0 |
- |
|
Equus hemionus |
22 |
250.6 |
25.2 |
25.3 |
40.5 |
35.1 |
38.0 |
|
Equus africanus |
8 |
242.9 |
26.5 |
26.5 |
44.7 |
36.1 |
40.9 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
37 |
251.2 |
25.5 |
25.7 |
40.5 |
36.1 |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Italy) |
17 |
235.6 |
25.8 |
26.4 |
40.1 |
32.6 |
38.1 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
17 |
229.3 |
24.9 |
24.2 |
36.5 |
30.8 |
33.0 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
18 |
254.7 |
29.8 |
28.0 |
48.9 |
39.8 |
46.2 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
60 |
281.2 |
36.2 |
- |
56.5 |
- |
- |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
17 |
267.6 |
36.1 |
34.3 |
54.2 |
42.2 |
52.3 |
|
Specimen / Species |
nmax |
V11 |
V12 |
V13 |
V14 |
V7 |
V8 |
|
EBK small (all) |
8 |
38.1 |
29.9 |
23.8 |
26.1 |
37.6 |
9.6 |
|
EBK small Ba/Bc |
7 |
38.3 |
30.3 |
24.3 |
26.3 |
37.3 |
9.7 |
|
EBK small Bb |
1 |
37.3 |
27.5 |
22.7 |
25.8 |
38.1 |
9.5 |
|
EBK large Ba/Bc |
2 |
55.7 |
43.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hemionus |
22 |
37.5 |
30.0 |
23.9 |
26.5 |
35.9 |
9.0 |
|
Equus africanus |
8 |
40.6 |
31.3 |
24.9 |
27.4 |
39.4 |
10.8 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
37 |
37.6 |
29.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Italy) |
17 |
36.7 |
29.9 |
24.6 |
26.8 |
36.0 |
8.9 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
17 |
32.6 |
25.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus przewalskii |
18 |
45.3 |
34.8 |
26.2 |
28.8 |
42.5 |
12.4 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
60 |
56.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
17 |
53.6 |
39.9 |
29.6 |
33.2 |
47.9 |
13.7 |
APPENDIX 8. Mean values for first and third phalanx measurements of the EBK specimens and comparative material; Equus hemionus, Equus asinus and Equus przewalskii: Dive &Eisenmann, 1991; Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) and Equus ferus latipes: Kuzmina, 1997; Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel): Bonifay, 1991; Equus ferus gallicus: Eisenmann, online data.
|
Anterior first phalanx |
nmax |
V7 |
V1 |
V3 |
V4 |
V5 |
|
EBK small Bb |
1 |
55.1 |
78.8 |
25.6 |
39.8 |
30.1 |
|
EBK large Bb |
1 |
65.7 |
96.1 |
42.7 |
67.0 |
41.5 |
|
Equus hemionus |
15 |
48.1 |
76.5 |
24.6 |
41.1 |
30.8 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
69 |
- |
- |
26.3 |
40.2 |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
2 |
- |
69.6 |
22.2 |
35.8 |
24.8 |
|
Equus asinus |
11 |
46.5 |
72.2 |
23.9 |
38.0 |
28.3 |
|
Equus przewalskii |
27 |
51.5 |
78.1 |
32.6 |
49.6 |
33.9 |
|
Equus ferus latipes |
95 |
- |
- |
40.6 |
62.3 |
- |
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
29 |
58.1 |
85.4 |
37.6 |
57.5 |
38.0 |
|
Anterior first phalanx |
nmax |
V6 |
V14 |
V10 |
V12 |
|
|
EBK small Bb |
1 |
35.0 |
33.4 |
59.8 |
12.0 |
|
|
EBK large Bb |
1 |
55.6 |
50.4 |
70.6 |
15.0 |
|
|
Equus hemionus |
15 |
36.7 |
35.6 |
58.5 |
10.3 |
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
69 |
- |
34.3 |
- |
- |
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
2 |
- |
31.9 |
- |
- |
|
|
Equus asinus |
11 |
34.5 |
33.6 |
55.2 |
9.9 |
|
|
Equus przewalskii |
27 |
43.8 |
40.8 |
59.0 |
11.0 |
|
|
Equus ferus latipes |
95 |
- |
50.6 |
- |
- |
|
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
29 |
49.4 |
47.0 |
62.2 |
13.1 |
|
|
Posterior first phalanx |
nmax |
V7 |
V1 |
V3 |
V4 |
V5 |
|
EBK small Bb |
2 |
50.1 |
73.3 |
24.8 |
41.2 |
29.2 |
|
Equus hemionus |
15 |
41.8 |
71.2 |
24.3 |
42.4 |
30.9 |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
63 |
- |
- |
24.2 |
39.6 |
- |
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
7 |
- |
63.9 |
21.8 |
37.1 |
24.8 |
|
Equus asinus |
10 |
40.8 |
67.5 |
23.2 |
40.0 |
28.4 |
|
Posterior first phalanx |
nmax |
V6 |
V14 |
V10 |
V12 |
|
|
EBK small Bb |
2 |
32.5 |
30.9 |
55.3 |
12.2 |
|
|
Equus hemionus |
15 |
35.0 |
33.3 |
52.2 |
12.0 |
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
63 |
- |
31.8 |
- |
- |
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Lunel-Viel) |
7 |
- |
30.8 |
- |
- |
|
|
Equus asinus |
10 |
32.9 |
31.2 |
49.9 |
12.0 |
|
|
Third phalanx |
nmax |
GB |
|
|
|
|
|
EBK small Ba/Bc |
2 |
56.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Equus hemionus |
12 |
54.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Equus hydruntinus (Crimea) |
48 |
52.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Equus przewalskii |
20 |
70.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus gallicus |
36 |
80.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Equus ferus latipes |
25 |
94.9 |
|
|
|
|
APPENDIX 9. Scatter plots of measurements on selected dental elements and longbones for the EBK specimens compared with several equid species; 1. M1/2; 2. m1/2; 3. humerus (breadth of the proximal epiphysis plotted against greatest length); 4. tibia (smallest depth of the diaphysis plotted against greatest length).
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