The Kazan Upland Vegetation
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The vegetation of the uplands is a mosaic of rock barrens, Jackpine
open forest on sand plains and rocky hills, and black spruce in wet depressional
peatlands. Jack pine forests are most widespread, especially in the northeast, and often contain aspen.
The understory of these forests is quite simple and lichens are often as important as vascular plants. The forests of rocky sites typically contain jack pine, black spruce, paper birch, Saskatoon, bearberry, three-toothed saxifrage, pasture sage, and reindeer lichen.
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On glaciofluvial, ice-contact stratified drift, and till deposits with Podzolic soils, forests of jack pine, paper birch and black spruce have a better developed understory with green alder, bog cranberry, bearberry, low bilberry, rattlesnake plantain, crowberry, bunchberry, Labrador tea and reindeer lichens.
Peatlands are mainly acidic, nutrient-poor bogs dominated by black spruce, tamarack, Labrador tea, reindeer lichens and peatmosses. Discontinuous
permafrost is widespread in the peatlands. Fens are rare due to the acidic nature of the
bedrock and soils, as well as the rocky lake shores.