Supportive Environments for Physical Activity: How the Built Environment Affects Our Health

The built environment is part of our physical surroundings and includes the buildings, parks, schools, road systems, and other infrastructure that we encounter in our daily lives.¹

Certain community designs have strong potential to contribute to increased physical activity. Researchers have found convincing evidence that people who live in communities characterized by mixed land use (e.g., with stores in walking distance of homes); well-connected street networks; and high residential density are more active, especially for transportation, than those who live in communities designed for automobile dependence. Other researchers have concluded that proximity to recreational facilities, along with pleasing aesthetics, is associated with more recreational physical activity.²

Walkable communities and the built environment have been highlighted in both the Pan-Canadian Healthy Living Strategy and the Report on The State of Public Health in Canada 2008: Addressing Health Inequalities as impacting health.

Supportive environments, those that make social and physical environments where children live, learn and play more supportive of physical activity and healthy eating, are identified as a priority policy area under the initiative Curbing Childhood Obesity : A Federal-Provincial-Territorial Framework for Action to Promote Healthy Weights.

The Public Health Agency of Canada has been involved in promoting healthy built environments through our work with partners. Examples include:

• Development of the report, Bringing Health to the Planning Table: A Profile of Promising Practices in Canada and Abroad, which was produced by the Healthy Living Issue Group of the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network
• Age-Friendly Communities – a collaborative initiative to ensure policies, services, and structures related to the physical and social environment are designed to support and enable older people to “age actively” – that is, to live in security, enjoy good health and continue to participate fully in society. 

The Public Health Agency of Canada is one of many organizations committed to promoting healthy built environments. While not an exhaustive list, a number of other organizations addressing this issue include:

Federal

• Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation – Sustainable Community Planning
• Infrastructure Canada – Sustainable Community Planning and Development
• National Collaborating Centres for Public Health
  • National Collaborating Centre on Healthy Public Policy
  • National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health
• Transport Canada – Urban Environmental Initiatives
  • Information Network: Case Studies

Provincial/Territorial

• Ontario Ministry of Health Promotion and Sport - Healthy Communities
• Alberta Health Services
• British Columbia Provincial Health Services Authority
   

Non-governmental Organizations

• Canadian Institute of Planners
• Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
  • Partnership with CIHR to fund population health intervention research
  • Partnership with the Urban Public Health Network , the Canadian Institute of Planners, Smart Growth BC and the National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy on a project titled, Promoting Chronic Disease Prevention by Changing the Built Environment
  • Development of Shaping Active, Healthy Communities: A Built Environment Tool Kit for Change
• Ontario Professional Planners Institute
  • Healthy Communities Initiative
  • Toolkit

¹ Health Canada, Division of Childhood and Adolescence (2002), Natural and Built Environments

² JF Sallis, HR Bowles, A Bauman, BE Ainsworth, FC Bull, CL Craig, M Sjorstrom, I De Bourdeaudhuij, J Lefevre, V Matsudo, S Matsudo, DJ Macfarlane, D Phil, LF Gomez, S Inoue, N Murase, V Volbekiene, G McLean, H Carr, L Klasson Heggebo, H Tomten and P Bergman, Neighborhood Environments and Physical Activity Among Adults in 11 Countries, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(6), p. 484-485